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The Hutterites were a group that emerged from the Anabaptist movement in Switzerland. Their founder was a haymaker named Jakob Hutter who organised this group in 1533 and settled in Moravia (modern day Czech Republic). Like the Anabaptists they believed in adult baptism only and this brought about persecution from both the Roman Catholic Church and the other young Protestant movements as well, namely the Swiss reformers. They sought to return to New Testament practices even practicing a form of “communal” living which they saw practiced by the early church in the book of Acts.
Hutter organized the Anabaptist communities into collective agricultural and artisan settlements where all property was held in common, and decisions were made collectively. This communal lifestyle became the hallmark of the Hutterites and distinguished them from other Anabaptist groups, such as the Mennonites and the Amish, who did not practice communal living to the same extent. They also held to a unique form of self-governance whereby the other Anabaptist groups allowed for private property and individual economic enterprise.
Communal ownership as a core tenet of the Hutterite faith, believing that it is the purest form of “New Testament” Christian living as exemplified by the early Church. This communal lifestyle includes not only shared property but also shared work and resources, with all members contributing to the colony’s welfare. Additionally, Hutterites have a distinctive approach to education and language, often maintaining their traditional German dialect (Hutterisch) and educating their children within the colony to preserve their culture and beliefs.
Whereas the Hutterites settled in Moravia, they should not be confused with the Moravian church which has its roots in the Hussite “Unity of the Brethren” movement of the 15th century and the Lutheran Pietist renewal by Zinzendorf at Herrn Hut Germany in 1722. These two groups shared similar convictions: adult baptism, New Testament Christianity and pacifism, however, they are distinct groups and both exist separately today; the Hutterites primarily in North America and the Moravian church more of a worldwide movement.
Like other Anabaptist groups, Hutterites have faced persecution throughout their history, leading them to migrate multiple times in search of religious freedom. After being driven out of Moravia in the late 16th century, they found temporary refuge in regions like Transylvania and Ukraine. In the 19th century, under pressure from increasing state control in Europe, many Hutterites emigrated to North America, where they established colonies in the United States and Canada.
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